Economic multiplier number for arts patrons

From "Nonprofit Arts Groups Rebound From 9/11 Slide," subtitled "Survey Shows 24 Percent Spending Growth Since '02," in the Washington Post:

In addition to the cost of admission, people who went to arts events spent an average of $27.79 on items such as restaurants, refreshments and parking.

Also see this press release "RAND STUDY SAYS GREATER COLLABORATION AND CENTRALIZATION OF FUNCTIONS NEEDED TO SUPPORT ARTS." From the release:

The report recommended that civic leaders make cultural institutions a vital component of community economic development and neighborhood revitalization strategies. In a study with broad national implications, RAND researchers studied systems of support for the arts in 11 metropolitan areas to identify strategies for sustaining Philadelphia's arts sector.

The report found that while the national nonprofit arts sector flourished in the last decade, the challenges of rising costs, shifting funding patterns, and a public increasingly skeptical of government growth or increased taxes necessitate new strategic approaches.

The metropolitan areas examined in the study were: Baltimore, Boston, Charlotte, Chicago, Cleveland, Denver, Detroit, Minneapolis-St. Paul, Philadelphia, Phoenix and Pittsburgh.