Rebuilding Place in the Urban Space

"A community’s physical form, rather than its land uses, is its most intrinsic and enduring characteristic." [Katz, EPA] This blog focuses on place and placemaking and all that makes it work--historic preservation, urban design, transportation, asset-based community development, arts & cultural development, commercial district revitalization, tourism & destination development, and quality of life advocacy--along with doses of civic engagement and good governance watchdogging.

Thursday, January 24, 2019

Resource: Center for Problem Oriented Policing at Arizona State University

Note that it can't be emphasized enough that a goodly amount of urban success over the past 15 years is attributable in part to a general reduction in crime, making people feel more comfortable about choosing to live in cities.

I am a strong proponent of the original concepts of "broken windows policing," which in the original research weren't just about arresting people and what transmogrified into "zero tolerance policing," but included investments in the broader environment, from dealing with vacant houses or abandoned cars and litter to public space maintenance.

The Broken Windows idea dates to a 1982 article in Atlantic Monthly Magazine.

Researchers focused on the total environment that supports crime came up with the term "problem-oriented policing" as a way to move beyond some of the political and social opposition to the term "broken windows policing" because of its association with "stop and frisk" and other zero tolerance measures.

-- "The state of "broken windows" versus "problem oriented policing" strategies in 2016: Part 1, theory and practice," 2016
-- "The state of "broken windows" versus "problem oriented policing" strategies in 2016: Part 2, what to do," 2016
-- "Los Angeles police department "Community Safety Partnership"," 2014
-- "Night-time safety: rethinking lighting in the context of a walking community," 2014
-- "Crime prevention through environmental design and repeated burglaries at the Naylor Gardens apartment complex," 2013
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I used to say that while there is a considerable amount of worthwhile academic literature on urban planning, it's surpassed by the amount of academic writing on transportation.

While I write from time to time on crime and public safety issues, and have even guest lectured at a college class on crime analysis, the depth and quality of the academic literature in criminology humbles me.  This started with the printed lecture by famed criminology professor Ronald V. Clarke, "Criminology and the Fundamental Attribution Error," sent our way by charlie.

Yesterday, I was researching bike theft and was reintroduced to the resources of the Center for Problem Oriented Policing at Arizona State.  I believe that they received a fair amount of funding from the US Department of Justice to create a series of guides on addressing crime in systematic ways.

For bike theft, these guides include

-- Bicycle Theft (Guide #52), 2008
-- Understanding Risky Facilities (Tool Guide #7),  2007

But the website is full of incredible resources on so many more topics.

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WRT to bike theft a couple of other very good journal articles that I came across are:

-- "Breaking into bicycle theft: Insights from Montreal, Canada." (Although this paper is by transportation researchers.) -
-- "Environmental Risk Factors influencing Bicycle Theft: A Spatial Analysis in London, UK." Most of the citations are linked and fully accessible. Reading all the cites would be a crash course in crime analysis and reduction!

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6 Comments:

At 9:02 AM, Anonymous charlie said...

On bike theft:

1. My sense if bike theft has dropped dramatically in the last two years. The deckles bike blowout removed the demand. Will be interesting to see if it remains.

2. Theft of parts form scooters must be sky-high. Saw an industry guess that companies are making 3x the price of the scooter in 3 months -- but that the scooters only last a month.

3. Off topic, OFO has completely shut down.

4. Package theft is the new crime of opportunity and I don't see easy solutions in the city. Diversion to local pickup stations probably the only way.

5. You'll also notice that since Apple but in remote lock protections the number of phones being grabbed is also way down. Still valuable for parts but not much of a market.

 
At 9:28 AM, Blogger Richard Layman said...

1. Every so often one of the local tv stations does a story about repetitive bike theft from a multiunit building. It bugs the s*** out of me, because when you look at the images it's so clear that there are multiple security problems including substandard racks.

2. wrt dockless, yes, I agree. I had to answer a question about bike theft for a job interview process, which is why I looked up the stuff. I was limited in the # of words in response, so I didn't mention how I thought in this particular case, the promotion of theft on the part of dockless bikes and scooters is likely to influence theft vis a vis dock-based bikes, which is why it is on the rise.

3. Saw that about Ofo. Pretty amazing. Totally not a surprise. I saw a documentary on NHK World about Shenzen and in the background here and there you could see Ofo and Mobike bikes. Not tons, but because of the color scheme they were identifiable.

4. WRT package theft... when I was very young I was quite small. In my Detroit neighborhood, where many of the houses were probably constructed in the 1920s and 1930s, they were built with milk chutes (without locks). I would get a call to slide through the chute and unlock the door when people forgot their keys.

I don't see why we can't come up with lockable milk chutes that can be inserted into house facades. There was a lot of talk about this kind of stuff 10+ years ago but it seems to have gone nowhere.

But yes, otherwise you need to direct your package delivery to secure locations. There are Amazon and UPS lockers all over... and while I think it'd be better if there were universal lockers rather than proprietary ones, transit stations should be another place where they are installed, etc.

5. This is exactly what the Ronald V. Clarke presentation that you sent my way a couple years ago is about. And his point that focused responses that allow self help in this case both "hardening" and "reducing benefits" is the cause for a lot of crime reduction.

The companies probably wanted to not do the changes because stolen phones lead to additional sales, but in response to police and political reaction they had to change.

 
At 10:37 AM, Anonymous Anonymous said...

RE: #4, I've thought that since 9-11 and the decline of newspaper, all the newspaper vending machines in metro stations could be replaced with amazon lockers, or even pay lockers to store personal stuff for a limited time. Key-code entry so that you can drop something for someone else to pick up, etc. Convenient- but the normal brakes will be crime! drugs! terrorism! liability! I've often wondered if Metro could sustain a station-based courier system, but I doubt it. They definitely should have Amazon lockers.

 
At 12:19 PM, Blogger Richard Layman said...

I don't think I saw any Amazon lockers at transit stations in Liverpool or London.

But I was shocked to see one at the big Liverpool One shopping center, albeit in a service corridor on the way to the parking garage/by elevators. Although in this photo nothing communicates where it is exactly.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rllayman/42024805935

(In the ground floor of the parking garage there was a social enterprise organization focusing on selling mobility scooters for the disabled. I ended up deleting the photos though 'cause the quality was bad.)

I think Amazon and UPS lockers are a no brainer for transit stations, including bus terminals. (Will bring this up the update to the PL piece.)

Separately, the Silver Spring Library has a wall of lockers in an outside wall for remote book pick up. Again, this particular photo isn't very identifiable, but that's where it is:

https://www.flickr.com/photos/rllayman/23564280398/

(Separately, some library systems have created automated book vending type machines for transit stations. I saw one at the Anaheim Regional Transportation Center, but I'd read about them for awhile. Calgary or Edmonton was one of the first. The photos are probably on my "crashed" computer with the problem power supply.)

As I mentioned in the past, my local 7-11 has an Amazon locker. And an auto repair place a couple doors down from it is a UPS site

https://www.dallasnews.com/business/retail/2016/10/31/amazon-lockers-installed-irving-mall-7-eleven-quiktrip-answer-buy-online-pick-stores

 
At 12:19 PM, Blogger Richard Layman said...

p.s. my time in the chutes was probably mostly when I was 5-7, when you're naturally small.

 
At 8:05 PM, Blogger Richard Layman said...

http://www.startribune.com/bicycle-thefts-hit-five-year-high-in-minneapolis/532952752/

10/6/2019

 

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