Lessons from murder reduction in Boston

The Boston Globe has an article, "What makes Boston so safe? Black pastors have different theories," updating the "Boston Miracle," because murders currently are below the five year average at this time the previous years.

The Boston Miracle ("Straight Outta Boston," Mother Jones, 2006) involves collaboration across nonprofits, churches, police and other government agencies, work with communities and on the street, to significantly cut the murder rate.  It's smaller in Boston than in cities like DC and Baltimore with comparable populations.

-- Policing in Boston webpage, Christopher Winship, Harvard
-- "How Boston became the safest big city in America," Economist
-- "Expanding the 'Boston Miracle,'" Boston Globe

Those collaborations haven't stopped as the murder rate dropped, they've continued--one such meeting has been held weekly for 30+ years.  No one has come up with the "one answer" on what has changed the trajectory.  One suggestion is of gentrification and displacement of potential shooters.  But that hasn't been as much of a factor in DC, which has a great deal of it.

Participants arrived for a weekly peace walk organized by the 10,000 Fearless Peacemakers. Photo: Taylor Coester for The Boston Globe.

The article starts out discussing Nation of Islam Preacher Randy Muhammad, and how his community has a weekly walk on Mondays through the community.  

They come upon a group of people hanging out at the T Station.  If it were DC, it could easily erupt into a public wilding event.  Here, Preacher Muhammad talks and interacts with the group.

From the article:

He’s wearing a bright orange T-shirt emblazoned with a quote from Louis Farrakhan, the Nation of Islam leader who attracted controversy in years past for antisemitic, homophobic, and misogynistic rhetoric. The quote itself is unobjectionable: “Making our communities safe & decent places to live.”

The idea behind events such as the peace walk is to build a rapport with community members, he said. That way, when it comes to disputes that could end in violence, his group can act as a neutral third party. “We offer an exit ramp,” said Muhammad. Oftentimes, he said, “we’re the only voice of deescalation.”

Not living in DC's poor neighborhoods anymore (H Street, 1980s-1990s), I don't know how much street presence there is of clergy and other committed community members.  

Community group involvement helps reduce crime.  Patrick Sharkey's book Uneasy Peace: The Great Crime Decline, the Renewal of City Life, and the Next War on Violence credits the crime drop in part because of the rise of involvement of such organizations.  

I participated in one such group that was a response to the neighborhood center of crack dealing by Rayful Edmond's crew ("Rayful Edmond, Drug Lord Who Stoked D.C.’s Crack Cocaine Epidemic, Dies at 60," New York Times).  I also learned about how street design can help create protected areas conducive to drug dealing.

I know we had walks, I don't think we had weekly walks like Preacher Muhammad.  We did meet with the police precinct representatives every month at our meetings, among other government officials.  There was concern that people communicated some of what happened at the meetings to the drug dealers.

According to Crain's Chicago Business and their forum on the city's crime drop

Communities where nonprofits increased the most, such as those focusing on youth support and substance abuse programs, had lower crime rates. Community-based resources like this can also increase collective efficacy—social cohesion and trust among residents.

Also see "Nonprofit Crime Reduction," Stanford Social Innovation Review.

Our group and Preacher Muhammad's are congruent with "social efficacy theory" that posits more connected and involved communities, including the presence of a fair number of community organizations, have fewer social problems, despite income disparities. And Eric Klinenberg's discussion of the importance of social infrastructure in his book Palaces of the People.

Demographics are a factor.  The fact that Boston's murder rate is significantly lower compared to other cities means that they are doing something right, although part of it has to do with the rough percentage of black population in poverty.  For example, the black population in Boston is half that of DC, and one-third of Baltimore.  According to CNN:

The homicide rate for Black Chicagoans is nine times higher than for any other racial demographic, according to data released by the city Department of Public Health.

Differences in homicide rates by race account for significant differences in murder rates across cities.  E.g., Honolulu City and County with a population of one million--predominately Asian, and Asians having the lowest murder rate per capita--had 29 murders last year, which was a significant jump from 19 in 2024.

Summer always has a rise in crime and murder | Develop Summer Crime Suppression Strategies and Tactics.  Summer is known for an extranormal number of murders.  Focus resources on it.  That's the whole point of Broken Windows theory--focusing police time proactively not reactively, and addressing pattern crime ("Back from the Brink, an oral history of the introduction and implementation of Broken Windows theory policing in New York City").  Murders in the summer should be thought of as a pattern.

For example in Chicago 15 areas account for half the city's murders ("Chicago is throwing its ‘whole government’ at summer violence," CNN).  They focus resources on those "zones" with the most murders, bringing to bear all of the community's social infrastructure to address the problem.  DC knows where the murders are, I don't think they focus resources there.  Partly, because people in relatively safe areas still advocate for a high level of police presence.

Probably, there are more murders on weekends too, so that should be an area of focus.

Broken windows/physical improvements.  BW theory is two pronged.  One is refocusing police time and on crime suppression.  The other is investing in community--maintenance of public spaces like removing abandoned cars and in plantings, and working on keeping properties in good shape.  There have been studies in Philadelphia and elsewhere that find a positive reduction in crime in association with maintenance of vacant lots and conversion to community gardens.  Etc.

DC and Youth Crime.  Another area where DC seems to be an outlier is with youth crime, including violent crimes like murder, assault, and car jacking.  Having more community groups and preachers doing walks would be in order.

DC's youth crime and the failures of the Department of Youth Rehabilitation Services have been an issue for more than 30 years.  Truancy is an issue ("Empty desks: How the District’s failure to curb truancy in middle schools fueled the biggest youth crime surge in a generation," Washington Post).

After a significant decline in the program over the 2000s and 2010s, Midnight Basketball is back up to 20 chapters.  Photo: Clara Mokri for The New York Times.

Recreation centers and programs and later hours on weekends.   Curfews are one way cities deal with a rise in youth crime and group wilding in the summers ("Cities, towns nationwide revive teen curfews amid summer crowds," Indiana Capital Chronicle).  I think they can be one element in a toolbox.  But how about offering more programs for youth in the evening and at night.

Recreation centers and programs should be open later, until midnight or later on Friday and Saturday, and have a system of Teen Rangers to organize the programming so its relevant to the target audience ("Clark County to open 4 recreation centers for late-night teen programs," 3News Las Vegas).  From the article:

Four recreation centers across Clark County will begin offering free late-night programs for teenagers starting Tuesday as county officials and Las Vegas Metropolitan Police work to address rising concerns about youth violence and juvenile crime.

The summer initiative, which runs June 9- July 31, will keep Walnut Recreation Center, Whitney Recreation Center, Cambridge Recreation Center and the Torrey Pines Resource Center open from 8 p.m. to 11 p.m. for teens ages 13 to 18.

I aver the centers should be open later than 11pm.  Libraries too.  In Montgomery County, Maryland, libraries in town centers like Silver Spring and Bethesda used to be open later on Friday and Saturday during the summers.  Not now.  But with focused involvement programming, such programs should be considered. 

Many of the recreation programs serve adults in their 20s as well,  ("Midnight Basketball Returns, and Brings Community With It," New York Times, National Midnight Basketball Association).

Summer Jobs and impact on crime.  The Wall Street Journal reports on a positive association between summer jobs and reduction in youth crime and murders ("The Effects of Summer Jobs on Youth Violence," "Why Teenagers Stopped Working in the Summer," Wall Street Journal).  From the article:

Sara Heller studied Chicago’s jobs program and found that an eight-week summer job cut violent-crime arrests among disadvantaged teenagers by 43%, with the effect growing after the job ended. Mr. Gelber and his co-authors, studying New York’s program, matched roughly 290,000 lottery records to tax and death records and found that winning a summer job cut the risk of dying over the following years by about 18%, driven by fewer homicides, particularly among young men. Those same New York jobs, however, didn’t raise the kids’ later earnings; if anything they nudged them down slightly and left college-going untouched.

How about Co-operative High School?  Given the results from summer employment, I've suggested offering the option of co-operative high school, where after freshman year youth are placed in paying jobs alongside classroom learning.  Such programs are uncommon.  

High Companies, a multifaceted firm with a foundation in welding and manufacturing supports three schools--two in Pennsylvania and one in Denver ("How Co-ops Help Young People Start Their Careers," High Companies).  Orillia Secondary School in Ontario also.St. George's Technical High School in Delaware.  And probably others.

Seniors only.  Charlevoix-Emmet Intermediate School District in Michigan offers co-op placements for senior, at more than 125 businesses, institutions, and nonprofits. Hodgson Vo-Tech in Delaware also only offers placements for seniors.

I do think as a crime reduction strategy, students from sophomore age schould be eligible for cooperative education.

Nice looking five story brick apartment building, Parks at Walter Reed development, Washington, DC

The Walter Reed Army Medical Center was a large hospital and research campus on Georgia Avenue NW in Washington, DC.

It was merged and moved into the Bethesda Naval Hospital in Bethesda, Maryland.

The old campus went through a de-accession process and DC bought it and did a plan, calling for housing and retail mostly, with civic uses in some of the historic buildings.

I fell in with some people, too late in the process, who proposed instead of a predominately housing oriented project, a graduate medical education and biotechnology program for the site, with the aim of building back the jobs element of the campus--which when fully staffed had almost 8,000 employees.

The original hospital building is still there, but still hasn't been redeveloped.

But DC isn't particularly innovative when it comes to economic development planning.  They are comfortable with housing and retail, but not much of anything else ("Demolition Marks Turning Point for Decommissioned Hospital Site," Engineering News Record). From the Washington Business Journal article "Historic hospital building at former Walter Reed campus for sale":

The Parks at Walter Reed’s main square, anchored by a Whole Foods, other retail and apartments, is the centerpiece of the larger $700 million development, which is slated to include 2,100 housing units, 100,000 square feet of retail and 200,000 square feet of office at buildout. 

The long-term plan is for most of the historic buildings remaining on the campus to be redeveloped or preserved. But the development team has also marketed a few other properties on the campus, largely aimed at developers with niche ambitions.

Partly because the lead was somewhat of a wack job, even though a credentialed medical doctor with some affiliations with the Royal College of Surgeons Medical School in Dublin was part of the group and we were working with the nearby Washington Adventist University, which like many 7th Day Adventist colleges, has a number of health professional programs (Loma Linda University in California is a bonafide graduate medical school), we just never got anywhere.

Photo: Critical Systems.

Although later, lobbying directly with Congress, Children's Hospital Center took over the old Armed Forces Institute of Pathology there, which would have been turnkey for a medical school, and set it up to do research ("Children's National Health System Accepts Walter Reed Property").  

They're there, but I don't know how its progressing.  They call it the Innovation Campus ("NIH awards $6.7M to build additional lab space at Children’s National Research & Innovation Campus").  But it's a $6 billion project, so it's a big deal.

I ended up rewriting the concept for the St. Elizabeths campus in Southeast DC, where DC ended up building a new hospital.  

But that program ended up being a pretty ordinary hospital, not the public health innovator, graduate health education and biotechnology campus I proposed.  Again, because DC just isn't very innovative.

-- "Ordinary versus Extraordinary Planning around the rebuilding of the United Medical Center in Southeast Washington DC | Part One: Rearticulating the system of health and wellness care East of the River" (2018)
-- "Part Two: Creating a graduate health and biotechnology research initiative on the St. Elizabeths campus," (2018)
-- "Part three: the potential for donations around an expanded program," (2018)

-- "The new Cedar Hill Regional Hospital opens in Southeast DC" (2025)

-- "Revisiting East of the River medical care: United Medical Center" (2018)
-- "Update on DC's plans to build a new United Medical Center" (2018)

I also suggested University of Maryland could have done it at Largo.

-- "University of Maryland could seed a complementary biotechnology and medical education initiative in Prince George's County" (2021)

And I keep revising it...

-- "Hospitals as urban anchors/revitalization levers, not usually, but with great potential to serve communities in important ways: Examples are two forthcoming projects by Intermountain Health and University of Utah Health" (2023)

Although later I realized, when writing about the conversion of the Pfizer research campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, seeding a biotechnology program is quite hard.  That facility had a lot of drugs in the pipeline which Pfizer was no longer interested in, and they willingly let new startups take them over.

-- "How the closure of a Pfizer research center in Ann Arbor, Michigan led to the development of a more robust and independent biotech sector" (2021)

Although I have to say the development is pretty impressive.  A lot is there, and nice public spaces, a super beautiful Whole Foods supermarket, and other stuff.  Lots of apartments.

Because it was designated as a historic district during the planning process, there is design review for renovation of old buildings as well as new construction.  While most buildings aren't nearly as nice and historically compatible as the one at the top of the entry, they're not terrible.  But nowhere as good as the one pictured above.

The first building is so good because it abuts a historic building.

This building has the Whole Foods on the ground floor.  It looks quite good architecturally for new construction.

The Plaza area

Whole Foods.  Because there are charter schools on the campus, the kids/youth grow up being able to experience this at lunch and after school.  It's open to all, not limited to residents of the development.  So it's a great public park amenity that the city doesn't have to pay to maintain--and couldn't at this high level of design and maintenance.

The "new" Washington Post editorial page blows a chance to be innovative | Nudging versus "nannyism" and senior health care

I was gonna end my online subscription to the Washington Post, but some of the articles from years ago I cited in the recently submitted grant application for a playground at Sugar House Park in Salt Lake ("Forget rest stops. Plan your road trip around playgrounds," "Kids getting burned on swings and slides? Here’s how to fix it"), made me realize that despite the destruction of the Metro and Sports sections, the devastation of the Editorial Page and how the range of op ed writings went from lean progressive to "personal freedom and markets," I still get value from a subscription, both for new articles and old (and often better) articles too.

But not from the editorial page.  And the national and international coverage is still holding up, despite many gaps resulting from staff firings.

Nudging is the behavioral economic theory that people who should change their behavior but won't because it requires a change in their routine or to act, will make the right choice given a nudge.

Nudge theory is a behavioral science concept proposing that subtle changes to the environment—known as "choice architecture"—can guide people to make better decisions without restricting their freedom of choice or altering financial incentives

Nannyism is a term popularized by the English Tories who believe that encouraging people to make positive behavioral changes with "nudges" is an overinvolvement by government in people's lives, that they should be allowed the freedom to f* up and impose the costs from doing so onto the State.

According to Wikipedia:

The term was coined by MP Iain Macleod in (1965) to describe a government that over-regulates personal lifestyle choices. 

In the Nanny State Index, the UK consistently ranks among the most heavy-handed countries in Europe for dictating health and consumer regulations.

The concept manifests across several specific areas of public policy:

• Tobacco & Vaping: The UK has pushed heavily toward a "smoke-free generation," alongside severe restrictions and proposed taxes on disposable vapes.
• Diet & Food: Following the implementation of a national sugar tax, England has enforced strict rules including calorie labels on restaurant menus and bans on junk food advertising near checkouts and on TV.
• Alcohol: Measures like minimum unit pricing aim to curb consumption by hiking the cost of cheaper alcohol.

Instead, the Tories would rather pay the high costs resulting from chronic health conditions resulting from poor behaviors and choices.  After all, higher than necessary costs from health care and a static tax base means government has to shrink to pay for people's bad choices, and that's in the Tory interest because they believe government ("we the people") is unnecessary.  

I call it anarcholibertarianism.

A great example of "nudge theory" decades before the theory was coined was how the now famed criminology professor, Ronald V. Clarke, was the creation of a theory called "preventing crime in situations":

Their theory of situational crime prevention used locks, access control and vigilance. Yet the most impressive demonstration of the theory examined the relationship between the lethality of household gas usage and suicide rates in England and Wales. Their research led to decades of innovations in the design of crime prevention measures, largely following their clear theoretical framework.

Prime example: Less lethal oven gas reduced suicides Between 1963 and 1975, there was an unexpected decline in the number of suicides in England and Wales. Clarke and Mayhew then reviewed the evidence to look for any change in the opportunity structure to prevent suicide. In 1988 they published a report showing that the decline was clearly due, at least in part, to a reduction of lethality in the chemical composition of household gas. It simply became more difficult to commit suicide by just turning on the gas and lying down – then waking up alive with a headache. They concluded that the practical feasibility of carrying out a particular act has a major impact on whether or not the act will be committed – and at what rate of occurrence.

Situational crime prevention theory is but a form of "choice architecture."

The Post is all in on being against "nannyism" even with clear economic/cost-benefits.  The editorial, "Seniors are adults: They don’t need the federal government to buy them bath mats.," criticizes Senator Angus King who wants to send everyone on Medicare (that includes me) a bathmat to help reduce the likelihood of falls, because bathroom falls by the aged cost the health care system a lot of money.

Older adults with assistive devices walking on a trail in the Sawtooth National Forest, Ketchum, Idaho.

Medicare doesn't pay for prevention measures like bath mats, grab bars, and shower chairs.  

According to a pre-Trump Administration report which is scrubbed from the HUD website, Overcoming Obstacles to Policies for Preventing Falls by the Elderly Final Report,  by the Department of Housing and Urban Development, the annual cost of health care from elderly falls is at least $80 billion per year.

To put that number in perspective, if Jeff Bezos who is one of the globe's wealthiest and owns the Washington Post, was responsible for covering that cost year after year, his fortune would be wiped out in 3 years and 2 months.

Although note that Senior Housing Services programs, which used to be funded by HUD, will make these kinds of fixes, as part of broader renovation assistance aimed at keeping seniors in their homes despite infirmities--keeping people at home as long as feasible costs a lot less than nursing homes, another major health care cost, but for Medicaid.

Housing renovation data by age and economic and physical circumstances.  Years ago I saw a presentation from the Joint Center for Housing Studies.  

Right: house in the Trinidad neighborhood of DC showing severely deteriorated roof conditions.

It contrasted overall housing remodeling statistics with statistics for lower income households.

Most households do one major remodeling project annually, targeting one key element of the house, either repair, maintenance, or the creation of a new feature.  Annually, the average household spends $2,400 on improvements and $700 on repairs.

Their research finds that a disabled household spends 10% less than the average, senior households 20% less, minority households 30% less, households with houses under $100,000 in value 50% less, and households with under $20,000 annual income spend 50% less.

Households with all of these characteristics spend an average of $500 year on repairs and improvements, less than one-sixth of the national average, and a majority of these households spend no money at all.

Nursing homes/social care.  The US is running into a fiscal cliff as society ages and Medicare doesn't provide nursing home care ("New Study Explores the Need for Expanded Long-Term Care Services to Support Aging-in-Place," JHU).  

And what about social security?  Plus the fiscal cliff of Social Security benefits having to be cut because Republicans won't take proactive steps, they'd rather "defund" part of the government by letting it fail naturally ("Waiting To Rescue Social Security Has Weakened Our Options," CRFB)

In England, local government is responsible for providing what they call "social care" for the disabled and aged, and it's driving cities into bankruptcy ("Social care is bankrupting councils. Why aren't we angry?," New Statesman).  Families are sending their relatives needing care to Thailand because it is cheaper ("Families sending relatives with dementia to Thailand for care," Guardian).  Anti-nannyism has real and escalating costs.

Waiting for a ride.

These costs demonsrate the value of changing the policy on assistive devices.

In my comment on the Post editorial, I said that Medicare could make bath mats a "joining premium" like how PBS and NPR give you premiums (gifts) in return for donations.

It's an intellectual and policy failure of great proportions for the Post to not acknowledge the reality of the severe economic cost of falls.

The other thing, while the term "ableist" is in decline these days by Trump mandates against inclusion, you really get insight into the need for universal design--in the old days, the Post published articles about it, such as:

-- "Adapting Your Home To Maximize Mobility," 2006
-- "A Safe Home, Step by Step," 2010
-- "Making the case for cottage homes," 2019
-- "A major renovation yields a multigenerational home on Capitol Hill," 2021

to better deal with the changes in psychomotor prowess that come from illness, disability, and or age.  Instead, the Post's worldview is shaped by its writers being able, not infirm.

At one time too, the Post had an award winning Health section focusing on wellness and behavior change.

Last year they did one of their "Washington Post Live" events on the "Future of health policy in the United States."  Times sure have changed.

My circumstances changed in a flash.

I went from biking to work for 30 years to being a hospital "frequent flyer," but for good reason.

I had colon cancer, presented heart failure in post-op after surgery, and the biopsy found I also had an aggressive rare Lymphoma, so I started chemotherapy within a month of the colon surgery.  Without treatment for the Lymphoma the oncologist said I'd be dead within a year.

Chemotherapy f*s you up.  

I was so weak, but I didn't vomit.  Though once it did take me 3-4 hours to have a bowel movement.  Suzanne said the prednisone made me mean.  It did help my appetite.

I did use chairs in the shower some because my FIL had dementia before he died, and we kept the equipment.  I even used a transporter because for a time I couldn't handle the "long walk" from the entrance of the hospital to my heart doctors or to the radiology/lab testing section. For more than two years, I was pretty damn weak, especially because even more medical things happened:

• I was hospitalized for covid, 
• probably could have died thank god for remdesivir, but it did worsen my heart
• got a heart pacemaker
• then an additional lead
• then a stent, even though less than a year before my angiogram found limited plaques, and 
• serious reduction in appetite as a complication from chemotherapy and the medicine, 
• which led me to a few months of enteral nutrition feeding + regular eating--enteral really sucks, the tubes can clog easily, and emergency rooms aren't set up to deal with feeding tube clogs.

Plus, one of the medicines I took made me cough constantly--it turned out it was from a medicine I didn't really need, fortunately, and once I got off it, and other medication changes my appetite improved.  Although I still only weigh 20ish more pounds than my low of 110.  From a high of about 175.

Today's shower.  

And that was after I went through chemotherapy swimmingly.  I had three treatments, then covid, so treatment stopped.  In preparation for resumption 14 weeks later, testing found I no longer had the Lymphoma (thank you to mRNA maybe).

But it took me until about the past two months when everything finally came together "at once" and I am super better.  (I'm still susceptible to illnesses like norovirus which can wipe me out.)

Yet only two years ago I thought I was a candidate for a heart transplant.  My ejection fraction could be better, but I haven't been tested since my recovery kicked in.

Our shower has a "natural grab bar" the soap dish, and is a pretty tight squeeze so I could lean against the walls.  But I was damn tired, had balance problems etc.  I think I might have had assistance once or twice...

Now I don't.  It helps that last summer I joined the JCC Wagner in Salt Lake first for the pool, and weight lifting really started only this year (not much so far 30-60 pounds depending on the machine or free weights), cycling (I've just started being able to bike a bit "in the wild," after not having done so since September 2023), spa, and pool walking.  The JCC has indoor and outdoor pools, that + the spa have been incredible for me.

Another premium that should be part of Medicare: fitness memberships/a MAHA agenda for aging.  I'm not part of Medicare Advantage, so I pay from my limited social security income the monthly cost of JCC membership.  The local rec center is cheaper especially with a senior discount, but there is no pool.  The County rec centers with pools happen to be much less convenient for me to get to, triple the time.

But Medicare should consider paying for fitness memberships for all enrollees, regardless of the type of plan, because lifting weights and other fitness activities have so many positive benefits (Physical Activity Benefits for Adults 65 or Older, CDC, "Resisting decline: the neuroprotective role of resistance exercise in supporting cerebrovascular function and brain health in aging," Frontiers in Physiology, "How can strength training build healthier bodies as we age?," National Institutes on Aging).

Or a deduction program funding the purchase of bicycles like in England or Ireland ("The Benefits of Biking for Seniors, Including the Mental and Physical Payoffs," Bicycling), but instead of deducting from your payroll check, from your Social Security check.

They could do this in conjunction with County and City Recreation Centers, Senior Centers, and yes, for profits.  Better that fitness centers make money off of Medicare than prescription mills and other fraudulent activity.

If we were really about MAHA, "Make America Healthy Again," ("Dr Oz at the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services: a chance to improve food service in hospitals") those are the kind of preventative care measures we should be instituting.  

A FitLot exercise station at the Columbus Center in the City of South Salt Lake.

While RFK has done stupid PR stunts with unhealthy people like Kid Rock ("RFK Jr.'s erotic workout video with Kid Rock sure is weird," USA Today), imagine if the FitLot exercise equipment station piloted by AARP on its 50th anniversary--they funded one, but just one, in every state--were rolled out to playgrounds and parks across the country.  

(I am working to install one at Sugar House Park.)  Especially because it turns out they aren't just used by the elderly, but by people wanting to maintain and improve their fitness.

My energy level has rebounded significantly.  The past week, although I developed a cold as a result, I worked 10 hour days for about 9 days on the grant application, doing some 8-15 discrete tasks each day.  Before the last  two months, I maybe could have done 3-4, took naps many days of the week, etc.  Now I am waking up before 7am which is what I used to do naturally, before I was sick.  I'm not taking naps.

(Oh, and I am drinking alcohol some again, and coffee.)

What about the people who are in a permanent state of debilitation?  But most people who are debilitated remain debilitated, no Lazarus Effect for them.  They need compassion and assistance.  The Post really fell down by not considering this issue more broadly than the opportunity that they saw to shoot an arrow at "government waste" and overinvolvement of government in our lives rather than "personal freedom" to be really sick and unhealthy.

Fuck you Washington Post editorial page, until your writers have similar kinds of experiences and develop some empathy.

Just based on my response, the Post clearly missed an opportunity to move better policy choices forward.

========

These are articles I wrote suggesting DC could develop a wellness oriented program in association with building a new hospital in Southeast DC, where suffering from chronic conditions is high.  Of course, DC took the least innovative path.

-- "Health equity devolves to cities and states as the federal government cuts taxes for the wealthy," (2025)

-- "Ordinary versus Extraordinary Planning around the rebuilding of the United Medical Center in Southeast Washington DC | Part One: Rearticulating the system of health and wellness care East of the River" (2018)
-- "Revisiting East of the River medical care: United Medical Center" (2018)
-- "Update on DC's plans to build a new United Medical Center" (2018)
-- "A glaring illustration of the need for comprehensive health and wellness planning in DC: Providence Hospital" (2018)

-- "Community Health Improvement Planning" (2019)

-- "Hospitals as urban anchors/revitalization levers, not usually, but with great potential to serve communities in important ways: Examples are two forthcoming projects by Intermountain Health and University of Utah Health" (2023)

-- "Big omission in blog series on advance hospital/health and wellness planning, public health planning: addiction services" (2024)

-- "Costly failures in the mental health system" (2025)

Talking to strangers | Modern shotgun style houses as workforce housing for firefighters in Ketchum, Idaho + playgrounds

I take a lot of photos in public places, or not so public places, and people wondering if I am up to no good challenge me.  Because "I can talk" (your ear off), usually it's not a problem. 

There's an article in the Washington Post, "The mental health benefit of striking up conversations with strangers," about the value in talking with strangers.  For me, it's an opportunity to learn--to interview and interrogate, even if it doesn't seem like it.  From the article:

Nick Epley was commuting to work at the University of Chicago when he looked across the train and wondered: Why are all these people sitting elbow to elbow ignoring each other?

Epley, a professor of behavioral science, thought about how very lonely people are, and he challenged himself to strike up a conversation with the woman sitting next to him. It changed his life — and led him to write the book “A Little More Social: How Small Choices Create Unexpected Happiness, Health and Connection.”

After reading it, I decided to try the experiment myself. For the past month, on my commute to work, at kids’ birthday parties with my daughter, in the elevator at the office and on the street while walking my dog, I’ve been challenging myself to talk to strangers. Would it actually feel good, or just awkward?

I’ve always been a fairly outgoing person, but the idea of talking to strangers and befriending acquaintances still made me feel anxious. As I contemplated opening my mouth to talk to the stranger sitting next to me on a nearly-silent bus, I felt as if my jaw was sealed shut by fear. What if she didn’t want to talk to me? What if I said the wrong thing, or she felt like I was bothering her?

Ever since my involvement in college student government, I can "talk".  This increased manyfold as I got more involved in urban planning.

In my recent playground study for a grant application, I talked to people at "playgrounds," like the "senior" Fitlot at Columbus Center in South Salt Lake.  

Even though it was built with money from AARP, it turns out an Instagram group called  #slc.calisthenics organizes meetups there and at similar sets of equipment, and lots of people of all ages end up using it--part of my observation is that people/kids play with what's there especially when "more appropriate" equipment isn't present.  I saw a four year old doing pull ups on the same set.

I talked to little kids like this one.  She said the monkey bars are her favorite element at playgrounds.  (So did an older boy at a different playground.)  So I aim to have more types of monkey bars present at the playground.

Observations, analysis, and conversations made the application so much stronger.  Going to about 15 different playgrounds in a couple days educated me fast and deeply about playgrounds--including realizing I needed to be there when kids were, because I didn't know how they used certain equipment.

Young children like learning to bicycle on soft surfaces because it doesn't hurt when you fall.

We need wider sidewalks around the playground oval because there is mixed traffic--kids on scooters, bikes, skates, skateboards, adults on bikes (because we have inadequate bike parking, people walking, people sitting to the side, etc.

Greenhorn Fire Station Workforce Housing, Ketchum, Idaho.  When I was taking photos of these buildings at what turned out to be the Greenhorn Fire Station, I learned the back story, which I wouldn't have known otherwise.

I took the photos because I thought the buildings were an interesting interpretation of the New Orleans shotgun style house, and years ago, I helped write a chapter in a book compilation about the type.

618 Jefferson Street, Flickr photo by Elliott Cowand, Jr.

I learned after being challenged, not realizing it was a fire station, and photographers could be would-be terrorists, one of the tenants came out to ask me what I was doing.  As a result, I learned the back story of the complex, for which I would have had no idea about otherwise.

In an area of ever increasing housing costs because of its being a resort area, it's an effort by the North Blaine County Fire District to provide workforce housing.  They rent the land from Idaho DOT, for the Greenhorn Fire Station, and built eight prefabricated units, mostly with donated funds.  

The 870 s.f. units are rented below market rate to tenants who agree to serve as volunteer fire fighters ("Final housing units arrive at Greenhorn Fire Station" Idaho Mountain Express, "Greenhorn Firefighter Housing Fully Occupied," Wood River Weekly).

What an interesting and important project.

Things I learn going to events by closely observing and analyzing them

Movable table, but no chairs.

As mentioned in the previous entry, last Saturday was the Celebrate at the Confluence event sponsored by Seven Canyons Trust, held at Three Confluences Park on Salt Lake City's West Side.

I went.  While I was there the turnout was pathetic, which underlies the recent entry, "There should be community bulletin boards in commercial districts (and other places)."

I found out about it from a posting on NextDoor.  Again, I don't subscribe to various social media sites, where I may have been able to get information about it.  But what about all the people that get those notices, where were they?

Compared to the "grand opening" event four years ago, there were way fewer public organization participants, only one food truck, BUT a beer tent, and like before, music on the plaza.

I still enjoyed it, not just because of the beer, but because part of my enjoyment comes from the analysis.

Some of the things I learned:

• Movable tables and chairs are really cool, pioneered by Bryant Park.  But put out more chairs than two per table.  Larger groups will take chairs from empty tables, leaving nowhere to sit.
• If you want to make that particular park great, it needs to be regularly programmed.  Including activities for Spanish speakers, who make up a goodly segment of the population in the Greater West Side.
• There were only four groups with booths.  Three were issue related: Seven Canyons Trust, Jordan River Commission, and Utah Rivers Coalition.  Plus booths for doing stuff by Make Salt Lake, a makers space.
• The City Parks agency and other city agencies like the Mayor's Office or the Councilmember weren't represented.  Neither was the Glendale Community Council, which has banners up on the street.
• In 2022, the independent convenience store across the street marketed bait for fishing.  They don't anymore.
• They had corporate volunteers from Goldman Sachs and Delta Airlines--the major operator at Salt Lake International Airport.  Sugar House Park needs to develop similar relationships.  A couple people from Delta flew in from NYC, probably mostly for a vacation and service credits, but they weren't needed based on the turnout.
• I need to bring my own bag or backpack to events and shouldn't expect a booth to be offering bags
• Too many temporary recycling cans, not enough trash cans.  It would have been a good time to put those posters about what is appropriate to recycle and what isn't as an environmental education opporunity (and SLCGreen, the sanitation department could have been an exhibitor)

• Provide larger rolling carts (like from Home Depot) to help exhibitors move stuff from their vehicles to the site and back more efficiently.
• Some big events--and this wasn't--have ATM machines.  What about creating temporary phone charger setups?  I guess my battery is getting too much use and is starting to lose its charge.
• Usually the corporate volunteers get lunch provided by their firm.  Do they contract with food trucks for it?  If not, they should because that increases the demand and profits for the food trucks, making it more worthwhile to come out to the site.

• The beer garden area, granted it was on a hill, didn't have chairs and just a couple of tables.
• This was an unusual event with beer in a Salt Lake City Park.  It's allowed, not brought in by individuals, but as a special event permit.  Usually in a fenced off area.  They didn't have a fenced in area, but "signs saying no beer past this point."  With monitors at those points.  It seems a lot more chill to do it that way.
• I figured a cheat code on beer--I don't drink much anyway so it wouldn't matter to me.  Bring a couple different plastic cups to be able to have the same type as they use on the site, and bring your own beer and surreptiously pour one for your own consumption.  
• Although to be fair, Fisher Beer, a great brewpub in the city, charged the same prices at the event that they do at their brewpub.  But if you drink a lot, and its cheap swill type beer, the idea of bringing your own might pay off.

Music

• The Main Street Approach trainings I went to said that special events have to provide something to do, something to eat and drink, music, and restrooms.
• The problem with music is that depending on how loud it is it competes with everything else.  The exhibitor booths were placed too close to the music--even though it wasn't particular loud--so that it was hard to talk and hear, especially as those of us who age are losing some of our hearing.
• Place the exhibitor booths farther away from the amplified music
• As part of the music offerings, why not have one or two slots for karaoke, to get more community involvement.
• Provide larger rolling carts (like from Home Depot) to help musicians move their often heavy equipment like amps and speakers from their vehicles to the site and back
• Does it make more sense to provide a set of speakers that people can just connect to?
• The handwashing station had soap and paper towels, but no water.
• Technically this is a design issue for tent manufacturers.  The stage was set up with a 20 foot wide? tent.  It had three poles on each side.  If the middle poles were replaced with hard clear plastic instead of metal, view of the performers would be less obstructed. You can't see it in this photo, but the lead singer/guitarist often stood right in front of that pole.
• The items in the Silent Auction weren't that great.

Park/Urban Design/Maintenance

• Note that the Park has great design features wrt "the water}, allowing people to get close to the water in some areas, to view it from higher up in others, and where you don't want people to walk, incorporates native plantings.  It's okay to have one off special treatments for particular parks, depending on land and design context.
• Speaking of plantings.  Damn good.  Pretty much damn good too for the interpretational signage, which makes sense because the park is one of the newest in the system, so it was able to get new signage following the more recent guidance in the Salt Lake City Parks, Open Space, and Trail Signage Guidelines.  They didn't have to pay to replace older signage, which is always put on the back burner.
• There isn't a good gateway sign for the Park.  Salt Lake City Parks don't have dominant gateway signs at parks.  They have a blade sign with small type as their newest version.  It would disappear among the plantings, and can't compete with the commercial signage next door and across the street.  I suggest using a sign sized just like the V&L Auto Repair location next door.
• The standard size is 7 feet tall and 18 inches wide.  Too small.

The V&L Auto Repair sign is in the distance, but on the street, would dwarf the typical 7 foot tall city park entry/gateway sign.

I'm just dying to be able to put a parking garage style neon sign at the entrance to Sugar House Park, or on buildings we hope to develop in the future.

• Speaking of gateway signage, there should be a sign on the east bank of the Jordan River Parkway Trail.
• The interpretation signage at the Park should have included gnarly photos of before.  Most government communications tries to be positive.  And planning documents.  Show bad practice. People need to be able to see before and after to understand the depth of improvements and change. 
• One interpretation sign is slightly broken.  Were I holding an event, I'd try to do a walk through with enough time beforehand so that such problems could be fixed in advance.
• On the Parkway at the trail point where the bridge across the Confluences connects to the east bank of the River, there is no Jordan River Parkway trailhead sign.
• Restrooms and signage would enable the site to serve as a formal trailhead as part of the Jordan River Parkway.
• There were temporary porta potties, but if you want to make the park great, it needs a permanent restroom.  
• There are a couple of blank walls, one for the scenic overlook on the north side of the confluence, one on the south side, the retaining wall separating the Park from the abutting auto repair shop.  Seems to me an opportunity for public art as a way to ward off the potential for (more) graffiti. 
• This also relates to my point about thinking creatively about incorporating public art into facilities.  This would be an art program, safety and maintenance program all in one.  See: "Gaps in Parks Master Planning: Part Five | Planning for Public Art as an element of park facilities" and "Gaps in Parks Master Planning, Part Six | Art(s) in the Park(s) as a comprehensive program."
• Another opportunity may have been with a creative/artistic set of bicycle racks rather than the traditional hoops.

Fish decorative bicycle rack, Education Center with mural, 

Colorado Lagoon Park, Long Beach, California

A lot of empty space on that wall is perfect for graffiti.

• Even in 2022 I recommended that Parks invest better in walking and biking connections to the park, including crosswalks.  It still pertains.

 

• People had dogs, could we create street furniture appurtenance "hooks" for them to be tied to?
• As I have been recommending since 2003, electric plugs should be placed in tree boxes for more connections.  That would allow lighting for display booths and later hours.
• They do have a main box supporting electricity needs for the stage.
• Electrical connections should be provided for food trucks to reduce negative environmental impact including noise.
• As plantings have grown since the park opened in 2021, signage is obscured.  Make sure it's visible through pruning.
• The entrance to the park is set up as an upside down Y, connecting at an inner walkway.  Right there they have a bicycle rack.  A bicycle rack should really be placed more on the side of the space.
• Maybe they think it's okay in terms of its relationship to the Plaza, not the walkways.

Visitor center/trailhead/restroom facility

• Next door to the park is an old bungalow, that doesn't seem to be kept up very well these days.  But they allowed a bike valet service to set up in the front yard and there was an ambulance on call for first aid parked in the back yard.  I don't know if the City or Seven Canyons Trust or another entity owns that house.  But someone should.  It could be converted to a visitor and community center for the park.

• An example is how the University Neighborhood Partners program of the University of Utah has its office in a similar bungalow next to Jordan Park ("University of Utah University Neighborhood Partners program and community revitalization in West side Salt Lake City/County").  Although it doesn't seem as if it is designed to be a space open to the public.
• You could at least have some open hours and access to restrooms even if the building is closed.  The historic house across from Draper Centennial Park
• More parks should plan for this kind of co-location

Public restrooms for the Draper Historic Park, Draper, Utah

are located on the back of the Sorenson Home Museum

Conclusion.  All in all, I had a fun day.  I got to make many observations.  I picked up some great collateral materials which help trigger ideas for Sugar House Park.  (Couldn't get big printed documents from Utah Rivers Council, will have to go to their office.  I also noticed a printout for "Tabling Guidelines."  I hope I can get a copy.)  And a beer in a beautiful setting at a decent enough price.

Most importantly, incredibly great weather.  It was gorgeous day to be out.